Name: Walter B. Emery - Hor-Aha
Item: Walter B. Emery - Hor-Aha
Author: Admin

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Walter B. Emery - Hor-Aha

	18.11.2018, 21:26
През археологическия сезон 1937-1938 известният британски египтолог Уолтър Б. Емъри (1903-1971) разкрива в района на Сакара гробница No 3357, предмети в която носят името на един от най-забележителните, но малко познати фараони. Хор-Аха ("Хор-Боец", XXXI в. пр. н.е.) е велик владетел, син на легендарния Нармер. Някои египтолози, между които пръв именно Емъри, считат него, а не баща му за Менес, цар-обединител на Горен и Долен Египет. Той е и основател на първата столица на страната - Инбу Хедж (Бялата стена), наречена по-късно Мен-нефер (Пребъдваща и красива), а от гърците Мемфис. Гробница 3357 е най-старата мастаба в комплекса на Сакара и и един от първите засвидетелствани образци от тази архитектура. Въпреки наличната и консенсусно призната гробница на Хор-Аха в Ум ел Каб, в която са открити и обичайните за I династия човешки жертвоприношения на слуги и животни, Уолтър Емъри теоретизира, че именно мастаба 3357 е и истинската гробница на този велик владетел. Археологическият отчет е допълнен с подробна биография на Хор-Аха и анализ на останалите паметници от неговото царуване - гробницата в Ум ел Каб (Абидос) и тази на предполагаемата му и майка-регент на престолонаследника Джер: Нейт-хотеп в Накада. Walter B. Emery - Excavations at Saqqara 1937-1938. Hor-Aha, Cairo, Government Press, Bulaq, 1939 - на английски език, от The Internet Archive, формат PDF.Свалянето става с десен бутон (downloading by right button) и Save as...
1 2 3 4 5 Added by: Admin \| \| Tags: мастаби, Менес, Нармер, Накада, Сакара, Хор-Аха, Абидос, Древен Египет, Ранно царство, I династия
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1 Admin (18.11.2018 21:34)

The tomb no. 3357 dating to the reign of Hor Aha is the earliest known mastaba of the Saqqara necropolis. The monumental aspect of this tomb, indirectly emphasized the king's power. It was discovered in 1936 and although many of the excavations of these 1st Dynasty royal tombs were not published until much later, this one was published in 1939.The mastaba was surrounded by two plain enclosure walls about 1.2 meters apart, with the outer one having a thickness of about .75 meters and the inner one .55 meters. The enclosure walls were preserved to a height of no more than a half meter, and both were covered with mud plates and faced with lime wash.
The substructure of the tomb was divided into five separate chambers, the central one being the tomb chamber where the sarcophagus was placed. These, and other chambers of the substructure were roofed with wooden beams running east-west that in turn supported planks set perpendicular to them. The roof was then surmounted by a superstructure which contained twenty-seven rooms. The central five rooms in the superstructure were built directly above the five main subterranean rooms. The outer walls of the mastaba were decorated with recessed panelingSome dummy buildings and a large brick boat pit outside the enclosure wall to the north were also included in the tomb c

omplex. One should note that, at this early juncture, there was no cult center such as a mortuary temple included within this structure.
The contents of this tomb consisted mostly of wooden labels and clay jar sealings, though there was also hundreds of small pottery containers with the royal name of Hor Aha inscribed on them in the form of a serekh, along with details of their content and origin. The clay jar seals covering wine and food containers were imprinted using engraved wooden cylinders. These, and the small engraved wooden and ivory labels attached to various funerary commodities provide our main source of written evidence at the beginning of the dynastic period. Other items found within the tomb included pottery rhino horns, as well as pieces of furniture, flint tools, palettes and stone vessels.
In the underground chambers, human remains from different individuals were discovered, prompting a few early scholars to theorize that the king (this was then presumed to be a royal tomb) took some retainers to the grave with him, but this is not the only instance in these 1st Dynasty tombs that evidences human sacrifice.

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