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Christian de Vartavan - Vocalized Dictionary of Ancient Egyptian
25.05.2020, 06:26

Вокализиран речник на древноегипетския език от известния британски египтолог от арменски произход и основоположник на тази дисциплина в Армения - Кристиан де Вартаван (р. 1965).

Christian de Vartavan - Vocalized Dictionary of Ancient Egyptian, London, Sais Books, 2016 

а древноегипетски език (йероглифи и латинска транслитерация) и английски език, от Academia.Edu, формат PDF.Сваляне с ляв бутон (downloading by left button) и после през бутона Download. Academia.Edu изисква регистрация или влизане през Фейсбук/Google акаунт за сваляне на файловете/ Academia.Edu needs a registration (you can use the Facebook or Google account) for downloading.

АЛТЕРНАТИВЕН ЛИНК / ALTERNATIVE LINK:

Christian de Vartavan - Vocalized Dictionary of Ancient Egyptian, London, Sais Books, 2016

АЛТЕРНАТИВЕН ЛИНК / ALTERNATIVE LINK:

Christian de Vartavan - Vocalized Dictionary of Ancient Egyptian, London, Sais Books, 2016

- на древноегипетски език (йероглифи и латинска транслитерация) и английски език, от Google Docs,формат PDF. Сваляне с ляв бутон (downloading by left button) от страницата на предоставящия сървър, после през бутона стрелка надолу/after by down arrow button.

 

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In 1822 Champollion discovered the base working principles of the hieroglyphic script. Script believed to show only consonants and semi-vowels but no vowels. Since that date many attempts have been made to vocalize Ancient Egyptian but so far with little convincing successes and certainly no coherent systemology. Ancient Egyptian has hence remained unvocalised since two hundred years and its sonority, particularly that of its poetry, remains equally unknown. In 2014 however the author of the present publication presented a breakthrough article entitled ‹New Method to Vocalize Ancient Egyptian Based on Specific Offering Texts of a Poetic Nature›. A novel methodology, based on internal poetic analysis and using Coptic as a verification agent to reveal the vowels not shown by the hieroglyphic script but used by the Ancient Egyptian language when spoken or read. This article, now one of the most read on the Ancient Egyptian language (see academia.edu), created an unexpected precedent as for the first time not only one but three ancient Egyptian poetic quatrains of a similar structure are nearly completely vocalised. An intellectual fit allowing to hear for the first time Ancient Egyptian as it may have been pronounced. However, as the ‹poetic internal analysis› reconstructing methodology is an extremely lengthy method to use, in 2013 Dr. de Vartavan embarked himself in developing a second more rapid methodology to vocalise Ancient Egyptian. One based, this time, on the evolutionary linguistic shifts which exist between Ancient Egyptian phonemes and Coptic ones (‹r› to ‹l› for example). Using critically Prof. Werner Vycichl’s well known Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue Copte, Dr. de Vartavan dismantled during forteen painstaking months of research each and every single phoneme of 1795 of the Ancient Egyptian ancestors of the Coptic words which Vycichl listed in his dictionary, thereafter to compare them to the similarly dismantled phonemes of these very same Coptic words. This until empirically series of shifts imposed themselves to the evidence and allowed the full revocalisation of each Ancient Egyptian word examined. As vowels were thus gradually resituated within the consonantal skeletons, it was not only discovered that the Ancient Egyptian language made use, as was to be expected, of full vowels during speech but furthermore and very unexpectedly that the script expresses ‹complex› vowels using digraphs, i.e. by combining two phonemes to express, as for diphtongues, a third totally different one. Digraphs, which despite having survived into Coptic as diphthongues, have seemingly been completely overlooked since 1822 and demonstrate that Ancient Egyptians were far more proficient to express the phonetics of their language than could have ever been imagined. The research moreover equally revealed, among an array of advances and discoveries, that foreign words are fully vocalised and that Demotic, which uses yet another system, is seemingly vocalised differently than Ancient Egyptian. As a result the present book not only presents a full list of the identified shifts. Some known and very many unknown, typified by key examples (for the digraphs in particular). But it also offers a first vocalised dictionary of the Ancient Egyptian language in three parts: Part I – A dictionary organised according to transliteration (with hieroglyphic term), thereafter English and additional data (vocalisation; source; Coptic descendant(s); notes; main shifts for each term listed, etc.); Part II – A simplified ‹English/Vocalisation/Ancient Egyptian› dictionary; Part III – The dictionary reclassified by V/C/T ratio, i.e. Missing vowel(s) / Apparent consonants and semi-consonants / Total number of phonemes per term. The latter dictionary and attached statistical tables and graph revealing the fundamental discovery that for 55% of Ancient Egyptian words only a single vowel needs to be resituated. The same tables and graph also revealing markingly the phonological frontiers existing between Ancient Egyptian and foreign terms.

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