Papyrus Ebers contains many incantations meant to turn away disease-causing demons and there is also evidence of a long tradition of empiricism.The papyrus contains a "treatise on the heart". It notes that the heart is the center of the blood supply, with vessels attached for every member of the body. The Egyptians seem to have known little about the kidneys and made the heart the meeting point of a number of vessels which carried all the fluids of the body—blood, tears, urine and semen. Mental disorders are detailed in a chapter of the papyrus called the Book of Hearts. Disorders such as depression and dementia are covered. The descriptions of these disorders suggest that Egyptians conceived of mental and physical diseases in much the same way. The papyrus contains chapters on contraception, diagnosis of pregnancy and other gynecological matters, intestinal disease and parasites, eye and skin problems, dentistry and the surgical treatment of abscesses and tumors, bone-setting and burns.
This English translation is a work of Paul Ghalioungui (1908-1987): Professor of Medicine and former Chairman of Internal Medicine department, Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine. Being endocrinologist, historian of Egyptian medicine, Egyptologist and an authority on Pharaonic medicine, he demonstrates not only knowledge of Ancient Egyptian dulture, but an absolute professional competency in the medecine field of knowledge - the same what is the main theme of the translated monument.