Diodorus Siculus (1st century BC) was a Greek historian of the Roman era who compiled the writings of many previous authors on the history of the Mediterranean from the earliest times to the present in a large work. The work called "Historical Library" originally consisted of 40 books, but only 15 have survived to this day. The first of them is devoted to Ancient Egypt, including stories about the myths of the gods, the creation of the world and the first people according to the Egyptians; the geography of the country, including the flooding of the Nile, the establishment of kingship and the rulers of the Egyptian state, the customs and religious beliefs of the society. The present monograph is a detailed commentary on this work.